{"id":122,"date":"2024-05-22T20:06:41","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T20:06:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalfutures.asu.edu\/caplter\/?post_type=project&#038;p=122"},"modified":"2025-08-11T08:42:49","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T15:42:49","slug":"desert-fertilization-experiment","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/globalfutures.asu.edu\/caplter\/?project=desert-fertilization-experiment","title":{"rendered":"Desert fertilization experiment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"unityblocks-hero\" class=\"wp-block-unityblocks-hero hide-content\" data-herotype=\"heading-hero\" data-image=\"{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalfutures.asu.edu\/caplter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2024\/05\/desert-fertilization.jpg&quot;,&quot;altText&quot;:&quot;Desert fertilization experiment site&quot;,&quot;cssClass&quot;:[],&quot;size&quot;:&quot;medium&quot;}\" data-subtitle=\"{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Long-term monitoring&quot;,&quot;highlightColor&quot;:&quot;white&quot;,&quot;maxWidth&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;cssClass&quot;:[]}\" data-title=\"{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Desert fertilization experiment&quot;,&quot;highlightColor&quot;:&quot;gold&quot;,&quot;maxWidth&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;cssClass&quot;:[]}\" data-contents=\"[{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;maxWidth&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;cssClass&quot;:[],&quot;highlightColor&quot;:&quot;white&quot;}]\" data-contentscolor=\"white\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"unityblocks-anchor-menu\" class=\"wp-block-unityblocks-anchor-menu\" data-items=\"[{&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Summary&quot;,&quot;targetIdName&quot;:&quot;summary&quot;},{&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Datasets&quot;,&quot;targetIdName&quot;:&quot;data&quot;},{&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Publications&quot;,&quot;targetIdName&quot;:&quot;publications&quot;},{&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Protocols&quot;,&quot;targetIdName&quot;:&quot;protocols&quot;}]\" data-firstelementid=\"\" data-focusfirstfocusableelement=\"false\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-bootstrap-blocks-container container mb-0 my-6 my-xl-12\">\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-bootstrap-blocks-row row justify-content-between\">\n\t\n\n<div class=\"col-12 col-md-7 order-2 order-md-1\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading mt-0 anchor-menu-target\" id=\"summary\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Launched in 2006 with support from the National Science Foundation and leveraged by CAP LTER, the Carbon and Nitrogen deposition project sought to answer whether elemental cycles in urban ecosystems are qualitatively different from those in non-urban ecosystems. Ecosystem scientists, atmospheric chemists and biogeochemists tested the hypothesis that distinct biogeochemical pathways result from elevated inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon deposition from the atmosphere to the land. To test this hypothesis, scientists examined the responsiveness of Sonoran Desert ecosystems to nutrient enrichment by capitalizing on a gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. Fifteen desert study sites were established, with five locations each west and east of the urban core, and five locations based in desert preserves within the urban core.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to the gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the urban core, select study plots at each of the15 desert locations receive amendments of nitrogen, phosphorus or a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Measured variables include soil properties, perennial and annual plant growth, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. At the close of the initial grant period, CAP LTER assumed responsibility for the project. It was renamed the desert fertilization experiment and provides a remarkable platform to study the long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on ecosystem properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full mt-4 mb-0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1978\" src=\"https:\/\/globalfutures.asu.edu\/caplter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2024\/05\/DesFert_070925-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2780\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalfutures.asu.edu\/caplter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2024\/05\/DesFert_070925-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/globalfutures.asu.edu\/caplter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2024\/05\/DesFert_070925-300x232.jpg 300w, https:\/\/globalfutures.asu.edu\/caplter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2024\/05\/DesFert_070925-1024x791.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/globalfutures.asu.edu\/caplter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2024\/05\/DesFert_070925-768x593.jpg 768w, https:\/\/globalfutures.asu.edu\/caplter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2024\/05\/DesFert_070925-1536x1187.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/globalfutures.asu.edu\/caplter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2024\/05\/DesFert_070925-2048x1583.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mt-0\">Map courtesy of Megan Gaitan.<\/p>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col-12 col-md-4 order-1 order-md-2 mb-6 mb-md-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"uds-section bg-color bg-gray-1 \" ><div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-bootstrap-blocks-container container mb-0\">\n\t\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-bootstrap-blocks-container container mb-2\">\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-bootstrap-blocks-row row\">\n\t\n\n<div class=\"col-12 col-md-8\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading mt-0 anchor-menu-target\" id=\"data\">Datasets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list uds-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.edirepository.org\/nis\/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&amp;identifier=632\">Desert Fertilization Experiment: investigation of Sonoran desert ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition and experimental nutrient addition, ongoing since 2006<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.edirepository.org\/nis\/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&amp;identifier=657\">Desert Fertilization Experiment: ecosystem response to nutrient enrichment across an urban airshed in the Sonoran desert<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.edirepository.org\/nis\/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&amp;identifier=658\">Desert Fertilization Experiment: soil pH in study plots within desert preserves in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, 2010 and 2011<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.edirepository.org\/nis\/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&amp;identifier=655\">Desert Fertilization Experiment: composition of annual plants in study plots within desert preserves in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, spring 2008<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.edirepository.org\/nis\/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&amp;identifier=656\">Desert Fertilization Experiment: inventory and biovolume of perennial plants in study plots within desert preserves in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, spring 2012<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.edirepository.org\/nis\/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&amp;identifier=618\">How surface rock cover affects water and nutrient availability of Sonoran Desert annual plants \u2014 Honors Thesis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.edirepository.org\/nis\/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&amp;identifier=393\">Atmospheric deposition sampling across an urban gradient, using passive resin collectors<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.edirepository.org\/nis\/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&amp;identifier=636\">CAP LTER weather stations at Papago Park and Lost Dutchman State Park in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area: long-term monitoring of microclimate, ongoing since 2010<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.edirepository.org\/nis\/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&amp;identifier=678\">The structural and nutrient chemistry of decomposing cacti in the Sonoran Desert<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col-12 col-md-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<div class=\"wp-bootstrap-blocks-container container mb-0 my-6 my-xl-12\">\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-bootstrap-blocks-row row\">\n\t\n\n<div class=\"col-12 col-md-8\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading mt-0 anchor-menu-target\" id=\"publications\">Publications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list uds-list\">\n<li>Wheeler, M. M., S. L. Collins, N. B. Grimm, E. M. Cook, C. Clark, R. A. Sponseller and S. J. Hall. 2021. Water and nitrogen shape winter annual plant diversity and community composition in near-urban Sonoran Desert preserves. <em>Ecological Monographs<\/em> 91(3):e01459. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecm.1450\">DOI: 10.1002\/ecm.1450<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ball, B. A., M. P. Christman and S. J. Hall. 2019. Nutrient dynamics during photodegradation of plant litter in the Sonoran Desert. <em>Journal of Arid Environments<\/em> 160(Jan):1-10. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2018.09.004\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2018.09.004.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cook, E. M., R. A. Sponseller, N. B. Grimm and S. J. Hall. 2018. Mixed method approach to assess atmospheric nitrogen deposition in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. <em>Environmental Pollution<\/em> 239(Aug):617-630. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2018.09.004\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.04.013<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marusenko, Y. Y., F. Garcia-Pichel and S. J. Hall. 2015. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea respond positively to inorganic nitrogen addition in desert soils. <em>FEMS Microbiology Ecology<\/em> 91(2):1-11. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsec\/fiu023\">DOI: 10.1093\/femsec\/fiu023<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ball, B. A. and J. Alvarez Guevara. 2015. The nutrient plasticity of moss-dominated crust in the urbanized Sonoran Desert. <em>Plant and Soil<\/em> 389(1):225-235. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11104-014-2355-7\">DOI: 10.1007\/s11104-014-2355-7<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Davis, M. K., E. M. Cook, S. L. Collins and S. J. Hall. 2015. Top-down vs. bottom-up regulation of herbaceous primary production and composition in an arid, urbanizing ecosystem. <em>Journal of Arid Environments<\/em> 116:103-114. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2015.01.018\">DOI: 10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2015.01.018<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sponseller, R. A., S. J. Hall, D. P. Huber, N. B. Grimm, J. P. Kaye, C. M. Clark and S. L. Collins. 2012. Variation in monsoon precipitation drives spatial and temporal patterns of <em>Larrea tridentata<\/em> growth in the Sonoran Desert. <em>Functional Ecology<\/em> 26(3):750-758. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2012.01979.x\">DOI: 10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2012.01979.x.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hall, S. J., R. A. Sponseller, N. B. Grimm, D. P. Huber, J. P. Kaye, C. F. Clark and S. L. Collins. 2011. Ecosystem response to nutrient enrichment across an urban airshed in the Sonoran Desert. <em>Ecological Applications<\/em> 21(3):640-660. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/10-0758.1\">DOI: 10.1890\/10-0758.1<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kaye, J. P., S. E. Eckert, D. A. Gonzales, J. O. Allen, S. J. Hall, R. A. Sponseller and N. B. Grimm. 2011. Decomposition of urban atmospheric carbon in Sonoran Desert soils. <em>Urban Ecosystems<\/em> 4:737-754. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11252-011-0173-8\">DOI: 10.1007\/s11252-011-0173-8<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hall, S. J., B. Ahmed, P. Ortiz, R. C. Davies, R. A. Sponseller and N. B. Grimm. 2009. Urbanization alters soil microbial functioning in the Sonoran Desert. <em>Ecosystems<\/em> 12(4):654-671. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10021-009-9249-1\">DOI: 10.1007\/s10021-009-9249-1<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>McCrackin, M. L., T. K. Harms, N. B. Grimm, S. J. Hall and J. P. Kaye. 2008. Responses of soil microorganisms to resource availability in urban, desert soils. <em>Biogeochemistry<\/em> 87(2):143-155. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10533-007-9173-4\">DOI: 10.1007\/s10533-007-9173-4.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col-12 col-md-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"uds-section bg-color bg-gray-1 \" ><div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-bootstrap-blocks-container container mb-0\">\n\t\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-bootstrap-blocks-container container mb-0\">\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-bootstrap-blocks-row row\">\n\t\n\n<div class=\"col-12 col-md-8\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading mt-0 anchor-menu-target\" id=\"protocols\">Protocols<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list uds-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/CAPLTER\/caplter-research-protocols\/blob\/master\/DesFert\/DesFert_Annuals_Biomass_Protocol.md\">Desert Fertilization Annuals Biomass Protocol<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/CAPLTER\/caplter-research-protocols\/blob\/master\/DesFert\/DesFert_Annuals_Composition_Protocol.md\">Desert Fertilization Annuals Composition Protocol<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/CAPLTER\/caplter-research-protocols\/blob\/master\/DesFert\/DesFert_Stems_Elongation_Protocol.md\">Desert Fertilization Creosote Stem Growth Protocol<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/CAPLTER\/caplter-research-protocols\/blob\/master\/DesFert\/DesFert_Foliar_Chemistry_Protocol.md\">Desert Fertilization Foliar Chemistry Protocol<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col-12 col-md-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"CAP LTER investigators 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